Optimal. Leaf size=296 \[ \frac {2 b^{4/3} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{b}+\sqrt [3]{a} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )}{\sqrt {a^{2/3}-b^{2/3}}}\right )}{3 a^2 \sqrt {a^{2/3}-b^{2/3}} d}+\frac {b \tanh ^{-1}(\cos (c+d x))}{a^2 d}-\frac {2 b^{4/3} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{b}-\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )}{\sqrt {-(-1)^{2/3} a^{2/3}+b^{2/3}}}\right )}{3 a^2 \sqrt {-(-1)^{2/3} a^{2/3}+b^{2/3}} d}-\frac {2 b^{4/3} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{b}+(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )}{\sqrt {\sqrt [3]{-1} a^{2/3}+b^{2/3}}}\right )}{3 a^2 \sqrt {\sqrt [3]{-1} a^{2/3}+b^{2/3}} d}-\frac {\cot (c+d x)}{a d}-\frac {\cot ^3(c+d x)}{3 a d} \]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Rubi [A]
time = 0.28, antiderivative size = 296, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 16, number of rules used = 7, integrand size = 23, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.304, Rules used = {3299, 3855,
3852, 2739, 632, 210, 212} \begin {gather*} \frac {b \tanh ^{-1}(\cos (c+d x))}{a^2 d}+\frac {2 b^{4/3} \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )+\sqrt [3]{b}}{\sqrt {a^{2/3}-b^{2/3}}}\right )}{3 a^2 d \sqrt {a^{2/3}-b^{2/3}}}-\frac {2 b^{4/3} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{b}-\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )}{\sqrt {b^{2/3}-(-1)^{2/3} a^{2/3}}}\right )}{3 a^2 d \sqrt {b^{2/3}-(-1)^{2/3} a^{2/3}}}-\frac {2 b^{4/3} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )+\sqrt [3]{b}}{\sqrt {\sqrt [3]{-1} a^{2/3}+b^{2/3}}}\right )}{3 a^2 d \sqrt {\sqrt [3]{-1} a^{2/3}+b^{2/3}}}-\frac {\cot ^3(c+d x)}{3 a d}-\frac {\cot (c+d x)}{a d} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
[In]
[Out]
Rule 210
Rule 212
Rule 632
Rule 2739
Rule 3299
Rule 3852
Rule 3855
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {\csc ^4(c+d x)}{a+b \sin ^3(c+d x)} \, dx &=\int \left (-\frac {b \csc (c+d x)}{a^2}+\frac {\csc ^4(c+d x)}{a}+\frac {b^2 \sin ^2(c+d x)}{a^2 \left (a+b \sin ^3(c+d x)\right )}\right ) \, dx\\ &=\frac {\int \csc ^4(c+d x) \, dx}{a}-\frac {b \int \csc (c+d x) \, dx}{a^2}+\frac {b^2 \int \frac {\sin ^2(c+d x)}{a+b \sin ^3(c+d x)} \, dx}{a^2}\\ &=\frac {b \tanh ^{-1}(\cos (c+d x))}{a^2 d}+\frac {b^2 \int \left (\frac {1}{3 b^{2/3} \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} \sin (c+d x)\right )}+\frac {1}{3 b^{2/3} \left (-\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} \sin (c+d x)\right )}+\frac {1}{3 b^{2/3} \left ((-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} \sin (c+d x)\right )}\right ) \, dx}{a^2}-\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \left (1+x^2\right ) \, dx,x,\cot (c+d x)\right )}{a d}\\ &=\frac {b \tanh ^{-1}(\cos (c+d x))}{a^2 d}-\frac {\cot (c+d x)}{a d}-\frac {\cot ^3(c+d x)}{3 a d}+\frac {b^{4/3} \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} \sin (c+d x)} \, dx}{3 a^2}+\frac {b^{4/3} \int \frac {1}{-\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} \sin (c+d x)} \, dx}{3 a^2}+\frac {b^{4/3} \int \frac {1}{(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} \sin (c+d x)} \, dx}{3 a^2}\\ &=\frac {b \tanh ^{-1}(\cos (c+d x))}{a^2 d}-\frac {\cot (c+d x)}{a d}-\frac {\cot ^3(c+d x)}{3 a d}+\frac {\left (2 b^{4/3}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [3]{a}+2 \sqrt [3]{b} x+\sqrt [3]{a} x^2} \, dx,x,\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )\right )}{3 a^2 d}+\frac {\left (2 b^{4/3}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a}+2 \sqrt [3]{b} x-\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} x^2} \, dx,x,\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )\right )}{3 a^2 d}+\frac {\left (2 b^{4/3}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a}+2 \sqrt [3]{b} x+(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} x^2} \, dx,x,\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )\right )}{3 a^2 d}\\ &=\frac {b \tanh ^{-1}(\cos (c+d x))}{a^2 d}-\frac {\cot (c+d x)}{a d}-\frac {\cot ^3(c+d x)}{3 a d}-\frac {\left (4 b^{4/3}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-4 \left (a^{2/3}-b^{2/3}\right )-x^2} \, dx,x,2 \sqrt [3]{b}+2 \sqrt [3]{a} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )\right )}{3 a^2 d}-\frac {\left (4 b^{4/3}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-4 \left ((-1)^{2/3} a^{2/3}-b^{2/3}\right )-x^2} \, dx,x,2 \sqrt [3]{b}-2 \sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )\right )}{3 a^2 d}-\frac {\left (4 b^{4/3}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{4 \left (\sqrt [3]{-1} a^{2/3}+b^{2/3}\right )-x^2} \, dx,x,2 \sqrt [3]{b}+2 (-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )\right )}{3 a^2 d}\\ &=\frac {2 b^{4/3} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{b}+\sqrt [3]{a} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )}{\sqrt {a^{2/3}-b^{2/3}}}\right )}{3 a^2 \sqrt {a^{2/3}-b^{2/3}} d}+\frac {b \tanh ^{-1}(\cos (c+d x))}{a^2 d}-\frac {2 b^{4/3} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{b}-\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )}{\sqrt {-(-1)^{2/3} a^{2/3}+b^{2/3}}}\right )}{3 a^2 \sqrt {-(-1)^{2/3} a^{2/3}+b^{2/3}} d}-\frac {2 b^{4/3} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{b}+(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )}{\sqrt {\sqrt [3]{-1} a^{2/3}+b^{2/3}}}\right )}{3 a^2 \sqrt {\sqrt [3]{-1} a^{2/3}+b^{2/3}} d}-\frac {\cot (c+d x)}{a d}-\frac {\cot ^3(c+d x)}{3 a d}\\ \end {align*}
________________________________________________________________________________________
Mathematica [C] Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3 in
optimal.
time = 1.51, size = 333, normalized size = 1.12 \begin {gather*} \frac {-8 a \cot \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )+24 b \log \left (\cos \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )\right )-24 b \log \left (\sin \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )\right )+4 i b^2 \text {RootSum}\left [-b+3 b \text {$\#$1}^2-8 i a \text {$\#$1}^3-3 b \text {$\#$1}^4+b \text {$\#$1}^6\&,\frac {2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sin (c+d x)}{\cos (c+d x)-\text {$\#$1}}\right )-i \log \left (1-2 \cos (c+d x) \text {$\#$1}+\text {$\#$1}^2\right )-4 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sin (c+d x)}{\cos (c+d x)-\text {$\#$1}}\right ) \text {$\#$1}^2+2 i \log \left (1-2 \cos (c+d x) \text {$\#$1}+\text {$\#$1}^2\right ) \text {$\#$1}^2+2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sin (c+d x)}{\cos (c+d x)-\text {$\#$1}}\right ) \text {$\#$1}^4-i \log \left (1-2 \cos (c+d x) \text {$\#$1}+\text {$\#$1}^2\right ) \text {$\#$1}^4}{b \text {$\#$1}-4 i a \text {$\#$1}^2-2 b \text {$\#$1}^3+b \text {$\#$1}^5}\&\right ]+8 a \csc ^3(c+d x) \sin ^4\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )-\frac {1}{2} a \csc ^4\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right ) \sin (c+d x)+8 a \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )}{24 a^2 d} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Maple [C] Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order
3.
time = 0.90, size = 162, normalized size = 0.55
method | result | size |
derivativedivides | \(\frac {\frac {\frac {\left (\tan ^{3}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{3}+3 \tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )}{8 a}-\frac {1}{24 a \tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )^{3}}-\frac {3}{8 a \tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )}-\frac {b \ln \left (\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{a^{2}}+\frac {4 b^{2} \left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\RootOf \left (a \,\textit {\_Z}^{6}+3 a \,\textit {\_Z}^{4}+8 b \,\textit {\_Z}^{3}+3 a \,\textit {\_Z}^{2}+a \right )}{\sum }\frac {\textit {\_R}^{2} \ln \left (\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )-\textit {\_R} \right )}{\textit {\_R}^{5} a +2 \textit {\_R}^{3} a +4 \textit {\_R}^{2} b +\textit {\_R} a}\right )}{3 a^{2}}}{d}\) | \(162\) |
default | \(\frac {\frac {\frac {\left (\tan ^{3}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{3}+3 \tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )}{8 a}-\frac {1}{24 a \tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )^{3}}-\frac {3}{8 a \tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )}-\frac {b \ln \left (\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{a^{2}}+\frac {4 b^{2} \left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\RootOf \left (a \,\textit {\_Z}^{6}+3 a \,\textit {\_Z}^{4}+8 b \,\textit {\_Z}^{3}+3 a \,\textit {\_Z}^{2}+a \right )}{\sum }\frac {\textit {\_R}^{2} \ln \left (\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )-\textit {\_R} \right )}{\textit {\_R}^{5} a +2 \textit {\_R}^{3} a +4 \textit {\_R}^{2} b +\textit {\_R} a}\right )}{3 a^{2}}}{d}\) | \(162\) |
risch | \(\frac {4 i \left (3 \,{\mathrm e}^{2 i \left (d x +c \right )}-1\right )}{3 d a \left ({\mathrm e}^{2 i \left (d x +c \right )}-1\right )^{3}}-\frac {b \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i \left (d x +c \right )}-1\right )}{a^{2} d}+16 \left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\RootOf \left (\left (12230590464 a^{14} d^{6}-12230590464 a^{12} b^{2} d^{6}\right ) \textit {\_Z}^{6}+15925248 a^{8} b^{4} d^{4} \textit {\_Z}^{4}-6912 a^{4} b^{6} d^{2} \textit {\_Z}^{2}+b^{8}\right )}{\sum }\textit {\_R} \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i \left (d x +c \right )}+\left (\frac {254803968 a^{12} d^{5}}{b^{7}}-\frac {254803968 a^{10} d^{5}}{b^{5}}\right ) \textit {\_R}^{5}+\left (-\frac {5308416 i d^{4} a^{9}}{b^{5}}+\frac {5308416 i d^{4} a^{7}}{b^{3}}\right ) \textit {\_R}^{4}+\frac {331776 a^{6} d^{3} \textit {\_R}^{3}}{b^{3}}+\left (-\frac {2304 i a^{5} d^{2}}{b^{3}}-\frac {4608 i a^{3} d^{2}}{b}\right ) \textit {\_R}^{2}-\frac {144 d \,a^{2} \textit {\_R}}{b}+\frac {i b}{a}\right )\right )+\frac {b \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i \left (d x +c \right )}+1\right )}{a^{2} d}\) | \(269\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Maxima [F(-2)]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Exception raised: RuntimeError} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Fricas [C] Result contains complex when optimal does not.
time = 4.09, size = 29423, normalized size = 99.40 \begin {gather*} \text {too large to display} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {\csc ^{4}{\left (c + d x \right )}}{a + b \sin ^{3}{\left (c + d x \right )}}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Giac [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {could not integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Mupad [B]
time = 16.38, size = 1503, normalized size = 5.08 \begin {gather*} \frac {\sum _{k=1}^6\ln \left (\frac {98304\,b^{11}+\mathrm {root}\left (729\,a^{12}\,b^2\,z^6-729\,a^{14}\,z^6-243\,a^8\,b^4\,z^4+27\,a^4\,b^6\,z^2-b^8,z,k\right )\,a^2\,b^{10}\,589824-{\mathrm {root}\left (729\,a^{12}\,b^2\,z^6-729\,a^{14}\,z^6-243\,a^8\,b^4\,z^4+27\,a^4\,b^6\,z^2-b^8,z,k\right )}^2\,a^4\,b^9\,98304-{\mathrm {root}\left (729\,a^{12}\,b^2\,z^6-729\,a^{14}\,z^6-243\,a^8\,b^4\,z^4+27\,a^4\,b^6\,z^2-b^8,z,k\right )}^3\,a^6\,b^8\,5898240-{\mathrm {root}\left (729\,a^{12}\,b^2\,z^6-729\,a^{14}\,z^6-243\,a^8\,b^4\,z^4+27\,a^4\,b^6\,z^2-b^8,z,k\right )}^4\,a^8\,b^7\,7962624-{\mathrm {root}\left (729\,a^{12}\,b^2\,z^6-729\,a^{14}\,z^6-243\,a^8\,b^4\,z^4+27\,a^4\,b^6\,z^2-b^8,z,k\right )}^4\,a^{10}\,b^5\,663552+{\mathrm {root}\left (729\,a^{12}\,b^2\,z^6-729\,a^{14}\,z^6-243\,a^8\,b^4\,z^4+27\,a^4\,b^6\,z^2-b^8,z,k\right )}^5\,a^{10}\,b^6\,5308416-{\mathrm {root}\left (729\,a^{12}\,b^2\,z^6-729\,a^{14}\,z^6-243\,a^8\,b^4\,z^4+27\,a^4\,b^6\,z^2-b^8,z,k\right )}^5\,a^{12}\,b^4\,10616832+{\mathrm {root}\left (729\,a^{12}\,b^2\,z^6-729\,a^{14}\,z^6-243\,a^8\,b^4\,z^4+27\,a^4\,b^6\,z^2-b^8,z,k\right )}^6\,a^{12}\,b^5\,7962624-{\mathrm {root}\left (729\,a^{12}\,b^2\,z^6-729\,a^{14}\,z^6-243\,a^8\,b^4\,z^4+27\,a^4\,b^6\,z^2-b^8,z,k\right )}^6\,a^{14}\,b^3\,9953280+\mathrm {root}\left (729\,a^{12}\,b^2\,z^6-729\,a^{14}\,z^6-243\,a^8\,b^4\,z^4+27\,a^4\,b^6\,z^2-b^8,z,k\right )\,a^3\,b^9\,\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )\,24576-{\mathrm {root}\left (729\,a^{12}\,b^2\,z^6-729\,a^{14}\,z^6-243\,a^8\,b^4\,z^4+27\,a^4\,b^6\,z^2-b^8,z,k\right )}^2\,a^3\,b^{10}\,\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )\,3145728+{\mathrm {root}\left (729\,a^{12}\,b^2\,z^6-729\,a^{14}\,z^6-243\,a^8\,b^4\,z^4+27\,a^4\,b^6\,z^2-b^8,z,k\right )}^2\,a^5\,b^8\,\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )\,466944+{\mathrm {root}\left (729\,a^{12}\,b^2\,z^6-729\,a^{14}\,z^6-243\,a^8\,b^4\,z^4+27\,a^4\,b^6\,z^2-b^8,z,k\right )}^3\,a^5\,b^9\,\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )\,18874368+{\mathrm {root}\left (729\,a^{12}\,b^2\,z^6-729\,a^{14}\,z^6-243\,a^8\,b^4\,z^4+27\,a^4\,b^6\,z^2-b^8,z,k\right )}^3\,a^7\,b^7\,\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )\,3981312+{\mathrm {root}\left (729\,a^{12}\,b^2\,z^6-729\,a^{14}\,z^6-243\,a^8\,b^4\,z^4+27\,a^4\,b^6\,z^2-b^8,z,k\right )}^4\,a^7\,b^8\,\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )\,56623104+{\mathrm {root}\left (729\,a^{12}\,b^2\,z^6-729\,a^{14}\,z^6-243\,a^8\,b^4\,z^4+27\,a^4\,b^6\,z^2-b^8,z,k\right )}^4\,a^9\,b^6\,\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )\,20791296-{\mathrm {root}\left (729\,a^{12}\,b^2\,z^6-729\,a^{14}\,z^6-243\,a^8\,b^4\,z^4+27\,a^4\,b^6\,z^2-b^8,z,k\right )}^5\,a^9\,b^7\,\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )\,84934656+{\mathrm {root}\left (729\,a^{12}\,b^2\,z^6-729\,a^{14}\,z^6-243\,a^8\,b^4\,z^4+27\,a^4\,b^6\,z^2-b^8,z,k\right )}^5\,a^{11}\,b^5\,\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )\,78962688-{\mathrm {root}\left (729\,a^{12}\,b^2\,z^6-729\,a^{14}\,z^6-243\,a^8\,b^4\,z^4+27\,a^4\,b^6\,z^2-b^8,z,k\right )}^6\,a^{11}\,b^6\,\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )\,254803968+{\mathrm {root}\left (729\,a^{12}\,b^2\,z^6-729\,a^{14}\,z^6-243\,a^8\,b^4\,z^4+27\,a^4\,b^6\,z^2-b^8,z,k\right )}^6\,a^{13}\,b^4\,\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )\,252813312-\mathrm {root}\left (729\,a^{12}\,b^2\,z^6-729\,a^{14}\,z^6-243\,a^8\,b^4\,z^4+27\,a^4\,b^6\,z^2-b^8,z,k\right )\,a\,b^{11}\,\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )\,1048576}{a^6}\right )\,\mathrm {root}\left (729\,a^{12}\,b^2\,z^6-729\,a^{14}\,z^6-243\,a^8\,b^4\,z^4+27\,a^4\,b^6\,z^2-b^8,z,k\right )}{d}-\frac {a\,\left (\frac {{\mathrm {cot}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^3}{24}+\frac {3\,\mathrm {cot}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}{8}-\frac {{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^3}{24}-\frac {3\,\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}{8}\right )+b\,\ln \left (\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )\right )}{a^2\,d} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________